Briefly describe the following:

1. Confirmation bias and patternicity,

2. Self - enhancement bias, and self - consistency bias.

Give an example of each.

Answer: Find explanation below.

Explanation:

1. Confirmation bias is a way of reasoning, wherein, a person explains information in a way that suits his/her original beliefs. It is a form of reasoning that deviates from the originally accepted standard. For example, if a person holds a previous belief that white people are smarter than dark people, when the person sees white people who are smart, they attribute it as a proof of their original beliefs.

Patternicity is the tendency to find meaningful patterns in things that might not make sense. Sometimes, the patterns may or may not be accurate. For example, if I see a crowd coming forward, and immediately presume it as danger, there are two case scenarios here; they might actually be a harmful mob or simply be a group of people bringing goodness.

2. Self - enhancement bias is a way of reasoning that enables people think and feel positively about themselves even in very difficult situations. The person in this case, has an optimistic view of himself even when he fails at a task. Different people achieve self - enhancement using several methods. For example, some decide to water down the strengths of people who they presume are higher than them. Others however, become introverts because they are afraid of failure.

Self - consistency bias is the inability of individuals to notice some deviations in their thought processes or reasoning patterns because they believe that there were no changes in the way they think. For example, a person might think that because he loves reading now, he has always loved it. Meanwhile, when he was a child, he never loves reading.

Explanation:A confirmation bias is a type of cognitive bias that involves favouring information that confirms what you already believe ... for example believing left handed people are smarter than right handed ... (2) self enhancing bias is a tendency for individuals to claim credit for all their achievement regardless of other external factors, imagine someone saying I am wealthy because I do businesses well and not because USA has a stable economy ... (3) Self consistence bias is the commonly held idea that we are made consistent in our thinking because of what we know, it is just like saying every child born in USA has a safe future