In the context of team and organizational effectiveness, which of the following refers to people systematically overestimating their own performance in areas where they lack competence and readily dismissing any information to the contrary?

a. the Dunning-Kruger effect

b. the Golem effect

c. the Pygmalion effect

d. the Autler-Townes effect

In the context of team and organizational effectiveness, the Dunning-Kruger effect refers to people systematically overestimating their own performance in areas where they lack competence and readily dismissing any information to the contrary.

Answer: Option A

Explanation:

The Dunning-Kruger effects refer a situation in which people trust like they only smart and have more ability than in real scenario. However, person with less capability do not possess the more skills which required to realise their own inability.

Golem effect, a psychological effects in which less expectations are made upon individual either by superiors or by themselves, leading to poorer performance. Pygmalion effect defines the phenomenon where others' expectations for achieving the target by a person affects the aimed person's performance level.

Autler towns' effect is related with the ohysic term for the effect and result to an oscillating electric field. From this, concluding that Option A is correct to the given statement.