Describe literacy trends in Europe in the second half of the nineteenth century. Why did science become dominant

In the early years of Europe, literacy was only common to the noble men, clergy men and few townsmen. But by the late part of 19th century, the vast majority was on the rise on being literate due to increased availability of literatures, history and technological research and new schools established.

Science became dominant because the Europeans wanted an increase in the technological state of the country, ranging from acquiring better weapons for war and also producing things that makes life easier such as motor cars. Science increased the developmental state and there was economic boom in Europe