The First Amendment protects dissent or disagreement with or criticizing the government. Is any "dissent" NOT protected by the First Amendment, that is, can a person be fined or arrested for any reason when protesting or criticizing the government or a government action or policy?

The first amendment permits all citizens of the United States of America to protest or criticize the government or government policy or action when they don't include actual threats, obscenity, incite to lawless actions, advertise or perform integral illegal conduct while they perform their protest. In all cases when this is not included. The first amendment protects the protestor.

Explanation:

All right, first of all, the first amendment says all citizens are free to manifest their thoughts about any government action but only when they don't make threats, talk obscenity, incite to lawless actions, or advertise. Also, that they can make a protest and they won't arrest them if they don't break the freedom of someone else. For example, stopping the traffic, attacking vehicles, vandalizing them is an act to be arrested because those are illegal acts. That is why many people use the term peaceful protest. Because in those protests, there is no riot or damage involved. And that type of protest is a legal protest.