Which method of biblical research is used by postmodern critics who assert that all interpretations of texts are based on subjective criteria and therefore cannot claim to be authoritative?

Deconstruction.

Explanation:

'Deconstruction' was the radical approach that laid the very foundation of post-modern era with Jacques Derrida's famous essay 'Sign, structure, and play in the discourse of human sciences'. It claimed that a text incongruously contains a contradiction in the outer and implied meanings.

As per the question, it is described as the technique of biblical research that is employed by Postmodern critics who assert that all the interpretations of the texts could not claim themselves to be authoritative as it is based itself on 'subjective criteria' that makes it arbitrary. This approach asserts that the language itself is arbitrary and thus, the text fails to represented itself as a unified whole.

Deconstruction

Explanation:

Deconstruction is the postmodernism theory coined by Jacques Derrida in 1967. It is the theory in which a single meaning or interpretation of a text is denied.

Two notions are found in this theory. First, that single consistent, reliable, and coherent messages can not be interpreted from a text as every reader have there own interpretations of it. Second, that the writer's less responsiveness to his writings.

This is a biblical research method used to interpret the bible that emerged out of postmodernism.