An explanation for why cross-cultural research on moral development has not found that everyone reaches the highest stage of moral reasoning is that:

a) the interviewers did not do a good job of making the participants comfortable before the interviews began.

b) the research frequently used interviewers who were from different ethnic backgrounds than the people they interviewed.

c) the measure of moral reasoning used in this research may be biased because it reflects Western and urban cultural values.

d) people in many cultures are reluctant to answer questions about hypothetical dilemmas.

The measure of moral reasoning used in this research may be biased because it reflects Western and urban cultural values.

Answer: Option C

Explanation:

Moral reasoning is a process that is used by people to determine what is right and what is wrong. Usually, people make use of logic and reasoning to find out what is morally right and wrong in context of the society and culture. The highest levels of moral reasoning may not be achieved by everyone because for every society and culture, there are different things that may be considered right and wrong.

Therefore, a cross-cultural research that studies Western and urban cultures may be biased because the researcher may feel that people of such cultures have reached highest levels of moral reasoning as compared to other cultures.