There are 4 steps of memory (according to information-processing models):

(a) Encoding

(b) Storage

(c) Retrieval

(d) Parallel processing

What happens to the neurons in your brain every time you learn something new?

When you learn something new neurons in your brain start parallel processing.

Explanation:

In information - processing models there are four stage;

Encoding - Receiving of data in code format. Storage - Accumulation of information in small group in different parts of the brain. Retrieval - Reorganize and recapitulation of received data. Parallel processing - Keeping the earlier collected data and simultaneously receiving new data.

All these levels similarly work in our brain when a person learn, retain, retrieve something new. A child in its growing stage run through all these phases (0 to 12 years old).