What do economics assume that individuals and businesses make all decisions

about?

Economics is the study of how individuals and societies choose to allocate scarce resources, why they choose to allocate them that way, and the consequences of those decisions.

Scarcity is sometimes considered the basic problem of economics. Resources are scarce because we live in a world in which humans' wants are infinite but the land, labor, and capital required to satisfy those wants are limited. This conflict between society's unlimited wants and our limited resources means choices must be made when deciding how to allocate scarce resources.