What changed throughout the 465-year time span? Geographically, Politically, Culturally

Geographically.

Around 465 years ago, United States size is only around 1/3 of what it is today. At that time, the western part of current day's United States was belonged to Spain and the middle part belonged to France.

We obtained the western part of our territory through the Florida Purchase Treaty and the middle part through the Louisiana purchase.

Politically

At that time, United States were still colonized by the British empire. The King of the British empire basically has total control of our politics before we eventually revolted and declared our independence in 1776.

Now, we implement a democratic system into our politics. We have the right to choose our own leader.

Culturally

Around 465 years ago, discrimination was conducted freely without any precautions. We used African people as slaves and used foreign immigrants to do dangerous works with very little pay.

Even though discrimination still hasn't fully eliminated today, it definitely socially unacceptable to conduct that out in the public.