Involves observing behavior in individuals in their natural environments.

archival research

case study

naturalistic observation

survey

C. Naturalistic observation

Explanation:

Naturalistic observation consists in the systematic observation of human and animal behavior as it occurs naturally and spontaneously in its habitual environment. It can also be defined as the observation and systematic description of behavior in the context in which it naturally occurs. It is also referred to as ecological observation as it occurs in an ecological environment.

But beware, naturalistic observation is not necessarily observation of what occurs in nature. To say that it is observation of behavior in its natural environment means that one observes behavior in environments and situations that are not artificially created.