Functionalist theories of deviance: a. believe that punishment of deviance is dysfunctional because it prevents the deviance that is necessary for society. b. fear that deviance creates the breakdown of society. c. assume that norms are largely meaningless. d. view deviance as necessary in order to clarify what the norms of society are.

The correct answer is D. View deviance as necessary in order to clarify what the norms of society are.

Explanation:

In sociology, the word "deviance" refers to the violation of social norms through certain behavior or actions that go against the norms or rules previously established in a society. Additionally, his element has been widely analyzed from multiple theoretical perspective including the functionalist theory that state deviance is necessary to guarantee the preservation of social stability especially as those individuals that violate social norms usually receive sanction that clarifies the norms of society and in this way social stability is preserved as behavior and actions that go against the norms (deviance) are punishes. Therefore, Functionalist theories of deviance view deviance as necessary in order to clarify what the norms of society are.