What is the name of the classification system that describes characteristics of different psychological disorders?

psychiatric nosology or psychiatric taxonomy

Explanation:

a process by which complex phenomena are reduced by rearraanging into categories based on shared characteristics

It represents a key aspect of psychiatry and other mental health professions and is an important issue for people who may be diagnosed.

Nosology is the scientific study and classification of diseases and disorders, both mental and physical.

Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM)

Explanation:

The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM) is another standard classification of mental disorders used by mental health professionals. It is intended to be applicable in a wide array of contexts and used by clinicians and researchers of many different orientations (e. g. biological, psycho-dynamic, cognitive, behavioral, interpersonal, family/systems).

The DSM consists of three major components:

the diagnostic classification, the diagnostic criteria sets and the descriptive text.