N 1830, a massachusetts farmer named joseph palmer moved to the city, only to find that people continually reacted to him with anger and hatred. why? palmer certainly wasn't a (n) (1)

At the age of forty years in 1830, communard and abolitionist Joseph Palmer, let his beard grow out. At that moment, wearing a beard was very uncommon between men and Palmer was frequently mocked and bothered. In an unfortunate episode, four men in Fitchburg, Massachusetts, his birthplace, tried to cut off his beard with scissors and razors. He, in self-defense, cut two of them with his knife, was arrested and charged with unprovoked assault. Palmer refused to pay the fine and was sent to the jail by Judge David Brigham. Finally, he was released after paying the fine and more than a year in jail.