Which of these was a prerequisite to the development of large complex societies?

The answer is C) Agricultural Surplus

All major civilization's grew in a community which had abundance agricultural surplus to actually support a large and complex society.

We have examples of the Egyptian Civilization along the Nile, the Indus Civilization in modern-day Pakistan along the Indus River.

We can see similar pockets of complex societies in China along the Yellow River and in modern-day Iraq along the Euphrates.