What are the differences and/or similarities between modern society and an egalitarian society

To a great degree, modern society and egalitarian society overlap.

An egalitarian society is a society where everyone is equal: all people for example have equal votes and no person is inherently more important.

This is also a feature of many modern societies, but not all of them. Some modern societies (that is industrialized societies) are egalitarian but not all of them.