The tendency to believe that another person's behavior is caused by dispositional factors rather than by environmental factors is called

The correct answer is the fundamental attribution error.

The fundamental attribution error (FAE) refers to the phenomenon where people overestimate internal influences or factors that result in others' behavior, while underestimating external factors or influences that are outside a person's control when explaining their behavior. An instance of FAE is when a classmate fails an exam and you believe that it is because of factors internal to him or her (such as laziness, lack of ability and low intelligence) rather than external factors outside his or her control (family crises, illness, etc.).