In asexual reproduction,

a) one parent passes copies of all of its genes to its offspring after crossing over occurs.

b) one parent passes copies of all of its genes to its offspring without the fusion of gametes.

c) each parent passes copies of all of its genes to its offspring, causing the offspring to differ genetically from each other.

d) each offspring has some cells derived by mitosis in the parent and other cells derived by meiosis in the parent.

B) One parent passes copies of all of its genes to its offspring without the fusion of gametes.

Explanation:

Asexual reproduction is a type of reproduction that does not involve the fusion of gametes or change in the total number of chromosomes. Offspring arising from asexual reproduction through single cell or multicellular organisms, take up the genes of that parent. Asexual reproduction is the elementary form of reproduction for single cell organisms such as bacteria. Asexual reproduction also occur amongst multicellular animals and plants.

Prokaryotes (Bacteria and Archaea) reproduce without the formation and fusion of gametes. Conjugation and transformation are linked to sexual reproduction. Likewise, genetic recombination in meiosis.

In prokaryotes, reproduction is done asexually through binary fission. That is, the parent organism separates into two parts to produce two genetically identical offspring organisms. In Eukaryotes (Fungi), reproduction is done by mitosis which is also capable of sexual reproduction.