Which ethical norm considers whether a particular act optimizes the benefits to those who are affected by it?

The answer is A. Utility

The Ethics of Utility. The Utilitarian Theory: First, actions are to be judged right or wrong entirely in an ethic of their consequences. It is a set of moral option, rules, and codes of charge that governs action. Theoretical ethics, sometimes called normative ethics, is about catch and delineating right from wrong.