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6 October, 03:42

For the following, identify the process as a spontaneous process, a nonspontaneous process, or an equilibrium process at the specified temperature: (Assume that the thermodynamic data in the appendix do not vary with temperature.) CO2 (g) → CO2 (aq) at 25°C

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  1. 6 October, 04:50
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    A nonspontaneous process

    Explanation:

    The spontaneity of a reaction is given by the standard Gibbs free energy (ΔG°). We can calculate ΔG° using the following expression.

    ΔG° = ∑np. ΔG°f (p) - ∑nr. ΔG°f (r)

    where,

    ni are the moles of reactants and products

    ΔG°f (p) are the standard Gibbs free energies of formation of reactants and products

    For the equation,

    CO₂ (g) → CO₂ (aq)

    ΔG° = 1 mol * ΔG°f (CO₂ (aq)) - 1 mol * ΔG°f (CO₂ (g))

    ΔG° = 1 mol * (-386.0 kJ/mol) - 1 mol * (-394.4 kJ/mol)

    ΔG° = 8.4 kJ

    By convention, ΔG° > 0 means that the reaction is nonspontaneous.
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