What problems caused the Framers to abandon the Articles of Confederation and draft the Constitution?

Because the articles of confederation was weak

They couldn't a lot of things like they had no national currency or had any president

Under the articles of Confederation, the central government had virtually no power. They couldn't enforce federal laws on the states. They couldn't tax and each state could issue it's own money. It would have wreaked havoc on the economy and it would not have lead to effective government. The articles were just fundamentally flawed.