Rome (Italy)

Florence (Italy)

Lisbon (Portugal)

Wittenberg (Germany)

1. Include at least one complete paragraph to explain the significance of that artifact or location to its related period.

2. Include at least one complete paragraph to explain the role the city played during the Renaissance, Reformation, Counter reformation, or period of European exploration.

Answer: Rome Counter-Reformation, Florence Renaissance, Lisbon European exploration, Wittenberg Reformation.

Explanation:

In response to the Reformation, the Roman Catholic capital responded to criticism of the church, known as the Counter-Reformation. Rome realized with insight the gravity of the situation and began to reform the church, not its dogmas, but to work more intensely with the ecclesiastics to dispel the incomplete trend in the church. New ecclesiastical orders are being created, among which the order of Ignatius of Loyola, which emphasizes the need for church officials to become closer to the original teaching of Jesus, stands out. Florence is the capital of the Italian Renaissance. The Renaissance found its foothold in Florence in every respect, political, economic and social. The Renaissance period dates back to the 14th and 16th centuries, and the full application of Renaissance ideas occurred in the 19th century. The Renaissance represents the rejection of the contemplation and closeness of the Middle Ages, and the "opening" and expansion of perspectives to all segments of life. The Renaissance thus encompassed all aspects of life, politics, art, science, religion, and the idea began to spread massively throughout Europe. The first significant wave of exploration was launched from Lisbon under Prince Henry the Seaman. His main goal was to land the west coast of Africa. The idea was to connect this part of the world with Europe to establish trade routes between the two continents. As a pioneer in maritime affairs, the Portuguese would build a large number of colonies, and some would remain under their patronage until the second half of the twentieth century. The Portuguese survey coincides with the Renaissance period or the 15th century. Martin Luther left 95 theses at the door of the cathedral in Wittenberg to speak against certain negative phenomena in the church. With the publication of his arguments, he began a movement called historically Reformation. This social movement will encompass large parts of Europe during the sixteenth century. Luther rebelled against priest arbitrariness, debauchery, horrid life, and the biggest problem was the sale of forgiveness. It is a church-led practice that involves forgiveness of sins for money.