What factions developed despite Washington's warnings?

Federalist & Anti-federalist

Explanation:

The federalist faction wanted government to have more power over the states. They argued that this will make it easier for the central government to collect taxes and structured a law that can universally used in all existing states.

The anti-federalist faction wanted the government to have less power over the states. They feared that Giving government too much power will turn the government into a tyranny that can violate individual liberty.