A 16 g rifle bullet traveling 240 m/s buries itself in a 3.6 kg pendulum hanging on a 2.5 m long string, which makes the pendulum swing upward in an arc. Determine the vertical and horizontal components of the pendulum's displacement.

x = 0.54 m

y = 0.058 m

Explanation:

m = mass of the bullet = 16 g = 0.016 kg

v = speed of bullet before collision = 240 m/s

M = mass of the pendulum = 3.6 kg

L = length of the string = 2.5 m

h = height gained by the pendulum after collision

V = speed of the bullet and pendulum combination

Using conservation of momentum

m v = (m + M) V

(0.016) (240) = (0.016 + 3.6) V

V = 1.062 m/s

Using conservation of energy

Potential energy gained by bullet and pendulum combination = Kinetic energy of bullet and pendulum combination

(m + M) g h = (0.5) (m + M) V²

(9.8) h = (0.5) (1.062) ²

h = 0.058 m

y = vertical displacement = h = 0.058 m

x = horizontal displacement

horizontal displacement is given as

x = sqrt (L² - (L - h) ²)

x = sqrt (2.5² - (2.5 - 0.058) ²)

x = 0.54 m