Which ion is typically present in soil with high acidity?

Acidity in soils comes from H + and Al3 + ions in the soil solution and sorbed to soil surfaces. While pH is the measure of H + in solution, Al3 + is important in acid soils because between pH 4 and 6, Al3 + reacts with water (H2O) forming AlOH2+, and Al (OH) 2+, releasing extra H + ions. Every Al3 + ion can create [clarification needed] 3 H + ions. Many other processes contribute to the formation of acid soils including rainfall, fertilizer use, plant root activity and the weathering of primary and secondary soil minerals. Acid soils can also be caused by pollutants such as acid rain and mine spoilings.