What phrase is used by political scientists to describe the way state judges base decisions on state constitutions when those laws grant more liberties and rights than those guaranteed under the U. S. Constitution?

A. horizontal fereralism

B. judicial federalism

C. judicial libertarianism

D. judicial individualism

E. interstate compacts

Option B, Judicial Federalism.

Explanation:

Judicial Federalism refers to the practice which was developed during 1970s where state courts granted more liberties and protection for rights than those guaranteed by the U. S Constitution.

Judicial federalism is simply the separation of judicial authority between federal courts and state courts. It refers to the methods used by state courts to implement federal law.

Judicial Federalism grants greater protection of rights and liberties than those which are available under the U. S Constitutional laws. Federal constitutional law still is the primary protector of rights and liberties in the United States and source of all constitutional doctrines. But state constitutional law may grant more liberties and rights than those guaranteed under the U. S. Constitution though Judicial Federalism.