Consequential damages:

a. occur when the special circumstances of the plaintiff cause him or her to suffer losses that would not ordinarily be foreseeable as a result of the breach.

b. are recoverable unless the defendant had reason to foresee them at the time the contract was created.

c. are measured by the loss in value of the promised performance.

d. are very small damages that the court may award the plaintiff when a technical breach of contract has occurred without causing any actual loss.

a. occur when the special circumstances of the plaintiff cause him or her to suffer losses that would not ordinarily be foreseeable as a result of the breach.

Explanation:

Consequential damages, also called special damages, are damages that have been proven to have occurred because of the failure of one party to meet a contractual obligation.

The plaintiff has the burden of proving that the damages are not only the proximate consequence of the breach of the contract, but that they were also "reasonably foreseeable" or within the "contemplation of the parties" at the time the parties entered into the contract."

Therefore option A is correct.

occur when the special circumstances of the plaintiff cause him or her to suffer losses that would not ordinarily be foreseeable as a result of the breach.

Explanation:

Unless the defendant was aware of the special circumstances that are likely to cause the loss at the very begining of the contract, consequential damages will not be redeemable except the defendant had foreseen it at the very begining.